1.人教版初一下册英语语法
2.一些词语的用法,在线等15分,好,加分!!!!
3.怎样花式表达热的英语词汇
4.不及物动词的用法？
5.初一英语的重要知识点
6.英语翻译
人教版初一下册英语语法
人教版新目标英语七年级（下）各单元知识概要
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一、词组
be from= come from 来自...
pen pal=pen friend 笔友
like and dislike 好恶；爱憎
live in….在...居住
speak English 讲英语
play sports 做体育运动
a little French 一些法语
go to the movies 去看**
an action movie 一部动作片
on weekends 在周末
Excuse me 对不起，打扰
get to 到达、抵达
beginning of 在...开始的时候
at the end of 在...结束的时候
arrive at /
二、句型
（1）、Where主 +be+主语＋from?
主语＋be+from+地点.
（2）、Where do/does+主语＋live?
主语＋live/lives in…
（3）、What language do/does +主语+speak?
主语＋speak/speaks….
（4）、主语＋like/likes+doing…
三、日常交际用语
1－Where is your pen pal from?
－He’s from China.
2－Where does she live?
-－She lives in Tokyo.
3－Does she speak English?
－Yes,she does/No,she dosen’t.
4－Is that your new pen pal?
－Yes,he is /No,he isn’t.
5－What language does she speak?
－She speaks English.
Unit 2 Where’s the post office
一、词组
post office 邮局
pay phone 投币式公用电话
next to 在...隔壁
across from 在...对面
in front of 在...前面
between…and… 在...和...之间
on a street 在街上
in the neighborhood 在附近
on the right/left 在右边／在左边
on one’s right/left 在某人的右边／左边
turn right/left 向右／左转
take a walk 散步
he fun 玩得开心
the way to …去...的路
take a taxi 打的／乘出租车
go down(along)…沿着...走
go through...穿过...
he a good trip 旅途愉快
二、句型
(1)、Is there a bank near here?
Yes,there is .It’s on Centre Street.
No,there isn’t.
(2)、Where’s the sumpermarket?
It’s next to the library.
(3)、Bridge Street is a good place to he fun.
(4)、I hope you he a good trip.
(5)、If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.
(6)、Talk a walk though the park..
(7)、enjoy后接名词或动词-ing形式.
Do you enoy(=like) your work?
Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city?
三、日常交际用语
(1)、Is there a ….?句型Eg:
-Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood.
-Yes, there is. No.there isn’t
(2)、Where is …?句型Eg:
-Where is the park,please?
-It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答)
-I’m sorry I don’t know. (否定回答)
(3)、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.例如：
- Which is the way to the library.
(4)、How can I get to +地点?句型.例如：
-How can I get to the restaurant?
(5)、Can you tell me the way to +地点？句型.例
- Can you tell me the way to the post office?
(6)、Let me tell you the way to my house.
(7)、Just go straight and turn left.
Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?
一、词组
want to do sth .想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想要某做某事
want sth 想要某物
Let sb do sth 让某人做某事
kind of 有几分\种类
a kind of 一种…
…years old …年龄 如：ten years old 十岁
like to do sth 喜欢做某事
like doing sth
play with … 与...一起玩
be quiet 安静
during the day 在白天
at night 在夜间
he a look at.. 看...
one…the other 一个...另一个...
二、句型
(1)、-why do you like pandas?
-Because they’re very cure.
(2)、-Why dose he like koalas?
-Because they are kind of interesting.
(3)、-Where are lions from?
-Lions are from South Africa.
(4)、-What animals do you like?
-I like elephants.
三、日常交际用语
(1)、-Let’s see the lions.
(2)-Why do you want to see the lions?
-Becase they are very cute.
(3)-Do you like giraffes?
Yes,I do./ No,I don’t
(4)-What other animal do you like?
_I like dogs.too
other+ 名词的复数.表示没有特定的数量范围
the other+名词的复数表示有特定的数量范围.
(5)-Why are you looking at me?
-Because you are very cute.
(6)-Let us play games. –Great!
Let me see.
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一、词组
want to be+职业 想要成为。。。
shop assistant 店员
bank clerk 银行职员
work with 与。。。一起工作
work hard 努力工作
work for 为。。。而工作
work as 作为。。而工作
get.. from…从。。。获得。。。
give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物给某人
正确的表示：give it/them to sb.
错误的表示：give sb.it/them
in the day 在白天
at night 在夜间
talk to /with 与…讲话
go out to dinners 外出吃饭
in a hospital 在医院
newspaper reporter 报社记者
movie actor **演员
二、句型
(1)-What do/does+某人+do?
例：-What do you do?-I’m a student.
-What dose he do? He’s a teacher.
(2)-What do/does+某人+want to be?
例：What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher.
-What does she want to be ?She want to be a nuser.
(3)-Where does your sister work?
-She works in a hospital.
(4)-Does he work in the hospiat
Yes.he does/No,he doesn’t
(5)-Does she work late?
-Yes,she does/No.she doesn’t
(6)－英语中询问职业的几种表达方式：
What do/does …do?
What is…? What is your father?
What’s one’s job?例：What’s your father’s job?
Unit 5 I’m watching TV.
一、词组
do homework 做家庭作业
watch TV 看电视
eat dinner 吃饭；就餐
clean the room 打扫房间
read newspaper/a book 看报纸／看书
go to the movies 看**
write a letter 写信
wait for 等待；等候
talk about 谈论。。。。
play basketball// 打篮球／踢足球
take photos 拍照
TV show 电视节目
Some of。。。 。。。中的一些
a photo of my family 我的家庭照
at school 在学校
be with 和。。。一起
in the tree 在树上
二、句型
(1)-What+be+主语+doing? ….正在做什么？
-主语＋be+doing。。。 …正在做某事。
例： －what are you doing?
-I’m doing my homework.
(2)-Thanks for … 为。。。而感谢
例：Thanks for your letter.
(3)-Here are/is…
例：Here are some of my photos.
Here is a photo of my family.
(4)-That sounds good.
(5)-This TV show is boring.
三、日常交际用语
(1)-Do you want to go to the movices? –Sure.
(2)-When do you want to go? –Let’s go at seven.
(3)-Where do people play basketball? –At school.
(4)-What’s he waiting for?-He’s waiting for a bus.
(5)-What’s he reading? He’s reading a newspaper.
1)现在在进行时的形式是：
助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式（也叫现在分词），表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。
2)现在进行时的肯定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他
I’m watching TV.
3)现在进行时的否定句形式
主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他
They are not playing .
4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答:
Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他?
Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isn’t/aren’t/am not.
Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.
5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式:
特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他?
例:What is your brother doing?
6) 动词+ing形式(现在分词)的构成.
1一般情况下在动词词结尾加-ing.
如: eat--eating, do—doing,clean—cleaning,
play—playing,
2以不发音的元音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing.
如:take--taking,write—writing,he-hing
come—coming.dance--dancing
3词尾如果是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词.应该先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing.
如:run—running,sit—sitting ,swim—swimming.
Shop—shopping. put—putting, sit—sitting
Unit 6 It’s raining!
一、词组
Around The World 世界各地
On vacation 度
Take photos 拍照
On the beach 在海边
a group of people 一群人
play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球
be surprised 惊讶的
be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶
in this heat 在酷暑中
be relaxed 放松
he a good time 玩得很痛快
in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里
Thank sb for(doing)sth由于（做）某事而感谢某人
How’s it going? 近况如何
Some…others…一些…另一些…
Look like..看起来像。。。
二、句型／日常交际用语
(1)-How’s the weather(+地点)? –It’s raining?
(2)-What’s the weather like?—It’s sunny./It’s cold and snowing.
(3)-How’s it going? –Great./Not bad.
(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around The World show?
(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? –Yes,she is/No,she isn’t
Unit 7 What dose he look like?
一、词组
look like 看起来像....
curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发
medium height/build 中等高度／身体
a little bit 一点儿…
a pop singer 一位流行歌手
play的用法。
wear glasses 戴眼镜
he a new look 呈现新面貌
go shopping 去购物
the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长
Nobody knows me 没有人认识我
二、句型
1) --What does he look like?
--He’s really short.He has short hair.
2) --She has beautiful,long black hair.
3) --I don’t think he’s so great .
4) --What do you look like? I’m tall.I’m thin.
5) --What do they look like?-
--They are medium height.
6) --She never stops talking.
--Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事.
如:He stop listening
--stop to do (sth)表示停下来去做某事
如:He stops to listen.
7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
Unit 8 I’d like some noodles.
1.词组
would like 想要
a large/medium/small bowl 大碗/中碗/小碗
what size 什么尺寸
orange juice 桔汁
green tea 绿茶
phone number 电话号码
as well as 而且
what kind of 表示….的种类
a kind of 一种…
some kind of 许多种…
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
a bottle fo orange juice 一瓶桔子汁
three oranges 三个桔子(可数)
a bottle fo orange j 一瓶桔子汁(不可数)
some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数)
three chickens 三只小鸡(可数)
二\句型
1)What kind of … would you like? 你想要…?
EG:--What kind of noodles would you like?
--Beef and tomato noodles. please.
2)We he lare ,medium,and small bowls.
3)I like dumplings,I don’t lkee noodles.
三\日常交际用语
(1)—Can I help you?
--I’d like some noodles.please.
(2)--what kind of noodles would you like?
--I’d like mutton and potato noodles. Please.
( 3)—Would you like a cup fo green tea?
--Yes,please./No,thanks
would like后面还可以跟不定式.即:
A:would like to do.sth.想要做某事.
He would like to see you today.
B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事
What would you like me to do.
Unit 9 How was your weekend?
一、词组
do one’s homework 做某人的家庭作业
如：do my homework 做我的家庭作业
play +运动或棋类
如：play 踢足球 play chess 下棋
play +乐器 如：play the guitar 弹吉他
go to the movies 去看**
do some reading 阅读
study for the (math) test 准备（数学）考试
stay at home 呆家里
go to summer camp 去夏令营
go to the mountains 去爬山
visit sb 拜访某人
go shopping 去购物
last month 上个月
three days ago 三天前
yesterday 昨天
look for 寻找
go for a walk 散步
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上／在下午／在晚上
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
It was time to do sth 该。。。的时候了
二、句型
（1）I visited my aunt last weekend.
(2)-- How was your weekend?
--It was great./OK
(3)—It was time to go home.
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What did you do last weekend?
--On Saturday morning,I played is.
(2)—How was your weekend?
--It was great.I went to the brach.
一般过去时态
一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,动词通常用一般过去式来表示,除动词be的过去式was/were有人称变化,其他都没人称的变化.
过去式的构成
(1) 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed.如:
stay—stayed help—helped visit-visited
(2) 词尾是e的动词加-d.
如:like—liked live—lived
(3) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音结尾的重读闭章节应双写该辅音字母,再加-ed.如:
stop—stopped plan—planned
(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,要将y改为i再加-ed.如: study—studied worry—worried
(5) 不规则动词的过去
am/is—was are—were he-had
go—went find—found do—did see-saw
Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?
一、词组
ptetty good 相当好；不错
in the conner 在角落
kind of boring 有点无聊
be lost 迷路
feel hy 感到高兴
be fun 很有趣
on vacation 在度
Central Park 中央公园
the Great Wall 长城
the Palace Museum 故宫
Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场
二、句型
(1)—Where did you go on vacation?
--I went to the breach.
(2)—How was the weather?
--It was hot and humid.
(3)--It was kind of boring
(4)—That made me feel very hy.
(5)--We had great fun playing in the water.
--he great fun doing sth表示“愉快地做某事”，“做某事很有趣”
(6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very hy.
help sb.(to)do.sth.帮助某人做某事（to可省）
make sb.do.sth. 使某人做某事
let sb.do.sth.
Let me help you carry(搬动) it.
(7)I found a small boy crying in the conner.
find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。
find sb.do.sth.发现某人做某事（整个过程）
Unit 11 What do you think of game shows?
一、词组
talk show 谈话节目
soap opera 肥皂剧
sports show 体育节目
game show 比赛节目
think of 认为
how about… …怎么样？＝what about…
in fact 事实上
a thir-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩＝ The boy is thir years old
talk to(with)… 跟 …谈话
thanks for… 为…感谢
each student 每个学生
key ring 钥匙链
baseball cap 棒球帽
the school magazine 校刊
can’t stand 不能忍受
don’t mind 不介意／无所谓／不在乎
二、句型
(1)—What do you think of situation comedy?
-- I love them
(2)—I asked students about fashion.
(3)—This is what I think.
(4)--I don’t mind what young people think of me!
(5)—Can you please put my letter in next month’s magazine?
三、日常交际用语
(1)—What do you think of suop operas?
--- I love them/I don’t mind them/I can’t stand them/I don’t like.
(2)—How about you? ---I do.too.
(3)--What do you think of …?
--=How do you like…?
如：What do you think of the picture?
=How do you like the picture?
Unit 12 Don’t eat in class.
一、词组
school rules 学校规章制度
break the rules 违反规章制度
in the hallways 在过道
listen to music 听音乐
in the music room 在音乐教室里
in the dining hall 在餐厅
sports shoes 运动鞋
gym class 体育课
after school 放学后
he to do 不得不做
too many 太多
get up 起床
by ten o’clock 十点之前
make dinner 做饭
the children’s palace 少年宫
二、句型
(1)—Don’t arrive late for class.
(2)—We can’t listen to music in the hallways,but we can listen to it outside.
(3)—What else do you he to do?
-- We he to clean the classroom.
(4)--Can we wear hats in school?
--Yes,we can/ No,we can’t.
(5)-Do you he to wear a uniform at school?
-Yes,we do /No,we don’t.
重难点精析
祈使句
通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。
1)Be型（即系动词原型be+表语＋其他）。
如：Be quiet,please.
否定句Don’t + be+表语+其他。
如：Don’t be angry.
2)Do型（即系动词原形＋宾语＋其他）。如：
Open you books,please.
否定句Don’t +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。
如：Don’t eat in the classroom.
3)Let型（即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）如：
Let me help you.
Let’s go at six o’clock.
否定句一般在宾语后加not。如：
Let’ not watch TV.
4)No+V-ing型（此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为“禁止做某事“）如：
No smoking! 严禁吸烟！
No talking! 不许交谈！
No passing! 禁止通行！
No parking! 不许停车
七年级下期所有的知识点都在这里！
一些词语的用法,在线等15分,好,加分!!!!
a wet cargo; a wet can.
由酒组成的一批货物；有酒卖的小卖部。
blanket
n.
毯, 毛毯, 厚垫布; 绒被
垫, 垫板; 坯板
膜, 软带膜; (刮涂机)垫带
外壳, 套, 包皮
(火箭)表面层
(空气动力)阴影
(反应堆)再生区
压火料
熄灭装置
敷层
覆盖, 掩蔽
涂层单板
a blanket of snow
一片白雪
put another blanket on the bed
在床上再铺一条毯子
习惯用语
a wet blanket 浸湿的毯子(用于灭火等) 扫兴的事, 扫兴的人
born on the wrong side of the blanket 私生的
California blankets [美俚](失业者用的)代毯子用的报纸
put a wet blanket on 使...扫兴, 对...泼冷水
throw a wet blanket on 使...扫兴, 对...泼冷水
spite on one's own blanket 搬起石头砸自己的脚
the blue blanket [口]天空
throw a wet blanket over 对...泼冷水; 使扫兴
现代英汉词典
blanket
n.
毛毯
厚的覆盖物
a blanket of mist
一层雾
简明英汉词典
blanket
n.
毯子
vt.
覆盖
hen
vi.
发生; 出现
(后接不定式)恰好, 碰巧, 偶然
巧遇; 偶然发现(on, upon)
hen along
[口]碰巧来到, 恰好出现
It hened that
偶然..., 碰巧...
hen upon sb. in the street
在街上偶遇某人
We hened to be in the neighbourhood.
我们恰好是邻居。
习惯用语
as it hens 碰巧来到, 恰好出现
be likely to hen 可能要发生
if anything should hen to sb. 如果某人发生什么意外[不幸]
hen along 恰好来了
hen in [美]偶然到...(来)
hen in with 偶然和...碰见
hen upon 碰巧碰上[发现]
hen on 碰巧碰上[发现]
hen to (和名词连用)临到...头上(某情况, 尤指不幸的事); (和动词连用)偶然; 碰巧
hen what may 无论发生什么事, 不管怎样
be what may 无论发生什么事, 不管怎样
hen to say 偶然提到
参考词汇
hen chance occur take place
都含“发生”的意思。
hen为常用词语, 指“一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”, 如:
The accident hened yesterday.
事故发生在昨天。
chance 指“偶然发生”、“碰巧”, 如:
He chanced to meet her.
他偶然遇见了她。
occur属正式用语, 指“按使某事或效果发生”, 通常所指的时间和都比较确定, 在以具体事物、作主语时, 可与hen 互换, 如:
These events occurred in 1909.
这些发生于1909年。
take place 指“发生事先或预想到的事物”, 如:
The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned.
按会议在八点举行了。
现代英汉词典
hen
vi.
发生
The accident hened outside my house.
这个事故发生在我家房子的外面。
What will hen to the children if Peter and Alice break up?
如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办?
It hened quite by chance.
此事纯属偶然。
A funny thing hened in the subway yesterday.
昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。
（与to连用）碰巧
Do you hen to know his new telephone number?
你可知道他的新电话号码?
I hened to be in the market yesterday when a fire started.
昨天发生火灾时，我正好在市场上。
I hened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.
昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。
（与to连用）偶然发生；巧遇
I hened to be out when he called.
他来访时，恰巧我出去了。
（与on, upon连用）巧遇；偶然发现
I hened on just the thing I had been looking for.
我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。
I hened on an old country hotel during the last summer holidays.
去年暑期间我偶然发现了一家古老的乡村旅馆。
常用词组
hen to
发生（某）；对…产生影响
A bad accident hened to that family.
那个家庭发生了不幸的事情。
Did you hear what hened to Did last night?
你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗?
简明英汉词典
hen
vi.
发生, 碰巧, 偶然
v.
发生, 恰巧, 偶然发现
weather
n.
天气; 气候; 恶劣天气
(某种)处境, 状况
[常用复](不管某人命运的)盛衰
fine weather
好天气
windy weather
有风的天气
expect some weather
预计天气要变坏
run into rough weather
陷入困境
习惯用语
April weather 四月里变化无常的天气; [喻]一会儿哭一会儿笑; 反复无常
be [feel] under the weather [口]身体不舒服, 有点不爽 酒醉 经济困难
broken weather 变化无常的天气
in all weathers 不论天气如何; 不论晴雨; 无论命运好坏
keep the weather (of) 战胜[度过]暴风雨; 控制局势; 占上风[优势]
King's[Queen's] weather (在庆祝节日时出现的)好天气
make good [bad] weather 航海碰到好[坏]天气
make fair to[with] weather 谄媚, 拍马屁
make hey weather of sth. 遇到...困难 对某事考虑得过多; 对...小题大作
merry weather 快活的时侯
under stress of weather 在恶劣天气的影响下
weather along [her way] (船只)在恶劣的天气里航行
weather in (飞机)因天气恶劣而停航; (机场)因天气恶劣而关闭
weather on [upon] 航海在...的上风; [喻]对...占优势
weather out 因天气坏而未能进入(某处) 因天气坏而取消(飞行等) 挺过(暴风雨、危险、困难等); 克服了故障
weather permitting 如果天气良好
weather through 安全渡过(风暴, 危险等)
现代英汉词典
weather
n.
天气；气候
I don't like cold weather.
我不喜欢寒冷的天气。
The weather gradually fined after a hey shower.
一阵暴雨后天气逐渐转了晴。
The weather has been dry this week.
这个星期天气很干燥。
词性变化
vt., vi.
（安全）渡过 （暴风雨、困难等）
风化
习惯用语
keep one's weather eye open 警惕，注意（会发生的乱子等）
make hey weather of 感到难以应付
under the weather 有病；不舒服；难过
简明英汉词典
weather
n.
天气, 气候, 气象, 处境
adj.
迎风的, 露天的
vt.
使受风吹雨打, 侵蚀, 使风化, 经受住
vi.
风化, 受侵蚀, 经受风雨
wake up
v.
醒来
hard 加入生词本
adj.
坚固的, 硬的; 固体的
结实的, 紧的
艰苦的; 难于对付的
厉害的, 严酷的; 强烈的
(身体)健壮的; (组织等)健全的
难以忍受的; 艰辛的
激烈的, 猛烈的
苛刻的
(人等)冷酷的, 刻薄的
(食物等)粗糙的, 发酸的
语发硬音的
(市价等)稳定的
确实的, 不容怀疑的
(钱币)金属制的; (币制)可兑换成金子的
(水等)含无机盐的
(酒)烈性的
(声音等)刺耳的; (颜色等)刺眼的
恶性难改的
防原子的 ⑵⑽反差强的 ⑵
有抗性的 ⑵
有硬封皮的 ⑵
硬X射线管的 ⑵
(导弹设施等)有坚固掩护工事的 ⑵
(导弹)可以从地下发射井发射的 ⑵
(太空船的着落)撞毁的 ⑵
(火箭)着地时速度在每小时100-300英里之间的
as hard as rock
坚如盘石
be sentenced to two years' hard labour
被判处服两年苦役
a hard father
严父
a hard liquor
[美]烈性酒
hard words
难于入耳的话
Times are hard.
时世艰难。
Hard words break no bones.
[谚]直言无害。
习惯用语
hard as nails 铁石心肠; 冷酷无情
as hard as nails 铁石心肠; 冷酷无情
hard as the nether mill stone 铁石心肠; 冷酷无情
as hard as the nether mill stone 铁石心肠; 冷酷无情
be hard done by 受到不公平待遇
be hard hit 受到严重打击(经济上损失或失去亲人等)
be hard on 接近, 紧跟着; 使...难堪; 磨得历害
be hard upon 接近, 紧跟着; 使...难堪; 磨得历害
be hard pressed 被逼得很紧, 处于无奈; 被追击
be hard put to it (做某事)有很大困难; 正在为难, 不知所措
be hard put to do sth. (做某事)有很大困难; 正在为难, 不知所措
be hard up against it [美口]处境很难; 面临 种种困难
he it hard [美口]处境很难; 面临 种种困难
bear hard on 拼命压迫
die hard (习惯等)不易改掉
follow hard after 紧紧跟着
go hard with sb. 使某人遭受不幸[痛苦]
go ill with sb. 使某人遭受不幸[痛苦]
play hard to get 装(对某人某事)不感兴趣(以等待别人说服)
run sb. hard 紧追某人
take sth. hard 对某事耿耿于怀
try one's hard est 尽最大的努力
hard and fast 航海牢牢地(搁浅) (=hard-and-fast)死板的; 硬性的(规则等), 不容变通的
hard and sharp 残忍, 苛薄
hard at it (=hard at work) 努力苦干; 非常忙碌 酗酒
hard by 在附近 在...近旁; 紧挨着
hard on 苛刻地对待(某人), 对(某人)要求过严 使(某人)感到困难[痛苦、不愉快] 迫近; 紧跟着
hard upon 苛刻地对待(某人), 对(某人)要求过严 使(某人)感到困难[痛苦、不愉快] 迫近; 紧跟着
hard over [海]尽量靠一边
hard up [口]经济困难; 缺钱
hard up for [口]奇缺(某物)(指金钱以外的东西; 缺金钱仅用 hard up)
参考词汇
hard difficult ardous
意思都含“困难的”、“需费力的”。
hard是一般用语, 指“不易做的”、“不易处理的”、“难了解的”, 侧重“体力上的困难”, 如:
It's hard to say which is better.
很难说哪一个好些。
difficult 指“需要通过相当努力或一定的技艺、智慧、策略或勇气才能处理或解决的”, 侧重“智力上的困难”, 如:
a difficult situation
困难的形势。
ardous 指“需要努力的”、“艰巨的”, 如:
the ardous task ahead us
我们面前的艰巨任务。
easy
现代英汉词典
hard
adj.
坚硬的
This ground is too hard to dig.
这块地硬得挖不动。
The snow has frozen hard on the road.
路上的雪已经冻得很硬了。
困难的，难的
hard questions
难题
Is science harder than English?
自然科学比英语难学吗?
His argument is logical and hard to fault.
"他的论据逻辑严密,无懈可击。"
Old conventions die hard.
旧的习惯势力是不会轻易消亡的。
强力的；重的
a hard push
奋力一推
The hard core in the party make all the decisions.
这个党的核心成员决定一切。
The forecast says there is going to be a hard frost tomorrow night.
天气预报说明天夜里有严重霜冻。
辛苦的；艰难的
hard work
辛苦的工作
艰苦的
a hard life
艰苦的生活
It takes years of hard work to compile a good dictionary.
编一部好词典需要多年的艰苦工作。
严厉的；无情的
In our office building there is a hard and fast rule against smoking.
我们办公楼内严禁吸烟。
a hard master
严师
Don't be too hard on the boy; he didn't mean to do it.
"对这个小男孩不要太严厉了,他不是故意这么做的。"
发硬音的
含无机盐的
hard water
硬水
使人 上瘾的（药物）
因强光或吵声使人感觉不舒服的；不悦的
Her hard voice could be heard across the room.
她那讨厌的大嗓门在房间的这一边也听得见。
You failed your driving test? Hard luck!
你驾驶证考试没通过?真没运气!
词性变化
adv.
努力地；艰苦地
They tried hard to succeed.
他们努力地工作以求得成功。
I he been working hard all morning.
我辛辛苦苦地干了一上午活。
Push hard!
用力推!
强烈地；重重地
It's raining harder than ever.
雨从来没下过这么大。
She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.
"她击键太猛,结果弄断了两根弦。"
Both the farmers and fishermen were hard hit by the bad weather.
坏天气使农民和渔民都遭受了重大损失。
习惯用语
be hard done by 亏待；苛待
be hard put to it 难以做（某事）
die hard （习惯）不易根绝
Old conventions die hard.
旧的习惯势力是不会轻易消亡的。
hard at it 竭尽全力
She's working hard at her term paper.
她正在努力撰写学期论文。
简明英汉词典
hard
adj.
硬的, 坚固的, (问题, 工作等)困难的, 艰苦的, 猛烈的, 确实的
adv.
努力地, 辛苦地, 坚硬地, 牢固地, 接近地, 猛烈地
sound
vt.
测量, 探测, 锤测
试探 (out)
医用探针检查(尿道等)
sound sb. (out) on [about] a question
试探某人对一个问题的意见
习惯用语
sound out 试探出, 打听出(别人的)意见
现代英汉词典
sound 1
n.
声音，声响
the sound of birds singing
鸟儿歌唱的声音
（文字或语言的声音所产生的）印象，感觉
sound 2
adj.
完好的；健全的
坚实的；稳固的
sound rock
坚硬的岩石
I've repaired the roof and it's quite sound now.
我修了屋顶，现在它挺坚固的。
可靠的；确实的；正确的
深沉的；平静 的（睡眠）
He's in a sound sleep.
他睡得很香。
严厉的；重的
a sound slap
重重的一巴掌
sound 3
vt., vi.
用测探索测探…的水深
（与out连用）试探他人意见或意向
sound 4
n.
海湾
海峡
词性变化
vt., vi.
似乎；听起来
His explanation sounds all right.
他的解释似乎有理。
Your idea sounds a good one.
你的想法听起来很好。
Your proposal sounds quite feasible.
你的提议听起来很可行。
发声，使发出声响，产生声音
When the bell sounds，you must come in.
铃响时，你必须进来。
发音；读出
词性变化
adv.
（睡得）很沉稳
简明英汉词典
sound
n.
声音, 语音, 噪音, 吵闹, 海峡, 听力范围, 探条
adj.
健全的, 可靠的, 合理的, 有效彻底的, 健康的
adv.
彻底地, 充分地
vi.
发出声音, 回响, 测深, 听起来
vt.
使发声, 宣告, 听诊, 测...深, 试探
That sounds like fun.
这听起来很有趣呢。
怎样花式表达热的英语词汇
下面展示十个可以表达“热”的方式：
1、hot：热的，温度高的， 使人感到热的
例句：
It is as hot as a sauna.
这天气简直就像在蒸。
2、stifling ['sta?fl?] ：闷热的（让人感到浑身不舒服的那种闷热）
例句：
The stifling heat drives me crazy.
这种闷热的天气让我抓狂了。
3、muggy ['m?ɡi] ：闷热的；湿热的（比较潮湿的气候）
例句：
We may expect muggy weather when the rainy season begins.
雨季开始时， 我们预料会有闷热的天气。
4、boiling ['b?l?] ：酷热的（除了表达天气热，还有极其愤怒的意思）
例句：
We felt sluggish on such a boiling hot day and could only slop around.
在如此酷热的天气下，我们动也不想动，只能懒洋洋地走。
5、sultry ['s?ltri]：闷热的，酷热的
例句：
I met her in a sultry summer afternoon.
我在夏天一个闷热的下午遇见了她。
6、blistering ['bl?st?r?] ：酷热的；起泡的；激烈的
例句：
In the blistering sun they stood patiently, like a small battalion.
骄阳下他们耐心地站着，像一个小军营。
这个词的动词形式是blister，意思是使起水泡；痛打；猛烈抨击。
例句：
The sap of this plant blisters the skin.
这种植物的汁液会使皮肤起水疱。
7、torrid ['t?r?d] ：酷热的；热情的
例句：
She almost can tolerate any kind of torrid days.
她几乎能忍受各种酷热的天气。
8、scorching ['sk?rt] 炎热的
例句：
The scorching heat was beginning to get her down.
灼热的天气使她开始感到疲倦。
9、 sweltering ['sw?lt?r?] 闷热的；热得难受的
例句：
On sweltering summer days, sleeping is just fine.
夏日炎炎正好眠。
10、roasting ['ro?st?] 非常热的；用于烤炙的
例句：
It's roasting out there! =It is burning hot !
天气超级热！
不及物动词的用法？
及物动词 vt ,后面必须有宾语
1 有些及物动词只有直接宾语
I know your name.
我知道你的名字
He cut his finger.
他且了他的手指
2 有些及物动词（如buy ge tell等）可以跟双宾语
Will you lend me a pen?
请把钢笔借给我用一下好么？
Won't you tell us a story?
给我们讲个故事好么？
3 有些及物动词可以跟复合宾语，“宾语+宾补”
I don't want anyone to know about it.
我不想让任何人知道这件事。
I had my shop set fire last weekend.
上星期天我的商店让人放了一把火。
不及物动词 vi ,后面没有宾语
He sings the best in our class.
在我们搬上，他唱歌最好。
有些动词可及物，也可不及物，有时意思不变，有时依据场合不同，有所变化
He is standing at the door.
他在门口站着。（不及物）
She can't stand the hot weather.
她不能忍受炎热的天气。（及物）
有些动词在英语中及物，在汉语中不及物，或者在汉语中及物，在英语中不及物
Do you agree to the plan?
你同意这个么？（agree 不及物）
We should serve the people.
我们应该为人民服务（serve 及物） 可以 参考 纳
初一英语的重要知识点
学习是把知识、能力、思维 方法 等转化为你的私有产权的重要手段，是“公有转私”的重要途径。你的一生，无法离开学习，学习是你最忠实的朋友，它会听你的召唤，它会帮助你走向一个又一个成功。以下是无忧考网为您整理的《初一下册英语期中重点知识点》，供大家查阅。
初一英语的重要知识点
1.An old friend of mine is coming to see me，Hobo.霍波，我的一位老朋友要来看我。
an old friend of mine意为“我的一位老朋友"。
在英语中冠词与物主代词不能同时放在同一个修饰词前，要表示“我的一个?"“他的两个?"则须用“冠词/数词+名词+of+名词性物主代词”结构。
如：a pen of Jim’s(吉姆的 一支钢笔)，a book of hers(她的一本书)。
2.Is it enough for a can of dog foo d?这钱够买一听吗?
此处的for相当于to buy a can of dog food意为“一听"。
3.Shopping is fun.购物真有趣。
句中shopping是动名词作主语。此结构可以 转换成：It is fun to shop.
动名词在句中作主语看作单数，但如果是两个动名词作主语时要看作复数。
如：Running and swimming are good for US.跑步和 游泳 对我们有好处。
初一英语的重要知识点
1.Chinese paintings 中国油画
2.at the museum 在博物馆
3.1earn all about 全面了解
4.row a boat 划船
5.how far 多远
6.each other 互相
7.go shopping 去购物
8.on a farm 在农场
9.hear the birds sing 听到鸟儿歌唱
10.raise cows 养牛
11.show sb.Around 带领某人参观
12.a wonderful place to live 一个居住的好地方
初一英语的重要知识点
1、can't stand无法忍受
stand(1)vt.容忍，忍受(=bear) 进行时，尤其用于否定句或疑问句中，强调不喜欢，常与cancould等情态动词连用。
句型: can't stand sth.不能忍受某物
can't stand doing sth.不能忍受做某事
can't stand sb.doing sth.不能忍受某人做某事
I can't stand the hot weather.我忍受不了炎热的天气。
I can't stand living here any longer.我不能忍受继续呆在这儿了。
He can't stand her making the same mistake again.他忍受不了她又犯同样的错误。
(2)vt.vi.(使)站立，竖起
There stands a big tree on the top of the mountain.山顶上有一颗大树。
2、I like to follow the story and see what hens next.我喜欢跟随 故事 看接下来发生什么。
1.follow vt.跟随(=go after)following adj接着的，其次的
Spring follows winter.冬去春来。 句型follow sb. to do sth.跟着某人做某事
His mother followed him to see where he was going.他妈妈跟着他，看他要去哪儿。
拓展：follow的其他用法
(1)follow vt.遵循，仿效
短语 ：follow one's advice听从某人的劝告
follow one's example学某人的榜样
You should follow your teacher's advice and work hard.你应该听老师的劝告，努力学习。
(2)follow vt.听懂，听清
I'm afraid I can't follow you,sir. Could you please speak more slowly?先生，我没听清，您能说更慢点吗?
2.hen vi."发生"，与take place同义。
I don't know how this hened.我不知道这事是怎么发生的。
句型：sth. hen+地点|时间状语 某时某地发生了某事
sth. hen to sb.某人发生了什么事
sth. hen to do sth.某人碰巧做某事
A car accident hened to her this morning.今天上午她出了。
He hened to meet a friend of his on the street yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午他碰巧在街上遇到了他的一个朋友。
辨析：hen与take place
hen指偶然的、外的事情发生。 take place指中的事情发生。
What hened when you told him the news?你告诉他这个消息时，他有何反应? Great changes he taken place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
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英语翻译
看电视太多，对你有害。Too much TV-watching is bad for you.
外面下雨了，因此我们不能出去。It's raining outside so we can't go out.
开会不要迟到。Don't be late for the meeting/conference.
我认为最酷的东西就是太阳镜。I think the coolest thing is sunglasses.
我可以问你一些问题吗？May I ask you a few questions?
我哥哥喜欢看体育世界，而我姐姐喜欢情景喜剧。My brother loves watching sports world, and my sisters love sitcom (situation comedy).
我喜欢看你在校杂志上的信。I love reading your letter on the school magazine.
多谢你来参加这个节目。Thank you for attending this show.或是 Thank you for coming也可以
关于那记者，他是什么都不知道。He doesn't know anything about that reporter （他不知道任何关於那个记者的十）或是 That reporter doesn't know anything （那记者什麽都不知道）.
我们班的每个人都喜欢炸薯条。Every single one of us in the class loves fries (or french fries)
今晚有场时装表演。There's a fashion show on tonight.
请你不要玩电脑游戏好吗？Can you stop playing computer games?
你把钥匙链放在哪了？Where did you put the keys?
他们的一些答案很有趣。Some of their answers are quite interesting.
吃蔬菜对你有好处。Vegitables are good for your health.
你喜欢实话实说吗？Do you like telling it like it is?
《健康生活》怎么样？how is <healthy life>?
学英语很有趣。Learning English is interesting.
我不能忍受炎热的天气。I can't stand hot weather.
我发现他躺在床上。I found him lying in bed.
